Sacred Groves Recognised as “Deemed Forests”: A Landmark Supreme Court Ruling
Source: Scroll.in | January 8, 2025
In a historic step for environmental conservation, the Supreme Court of India has recognised sacred groves as “deemed forests.” This ruling, delivered on December 18, 2024, expands the very definition of what qualifies as a forest in India, blending ecological science with cultural heritage.
A Broader Understanding of Forests
The roots of this decision can be traced back to the 1996 Supreme Court judgement, which broadened the definition of “forest.” The Court ruled that the term must be understood in its dictionary meaning—irrespective of ownership, legal status, or vegetation type.
This inclusive interpretation paved the way for recognising sacred groves—patches of land traditionally protected by local communities for their spiritual significance—as forests deserving protection.
Sacred Groves as Deemed Forests
The December 18 order goes beyond traditional parameters like forest density or government classification. It acknowledges that:
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Even sparse ecosystems of trees, often undocumented under official forest records, play vital ecological roles.
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Sacred groves, though small in size, are rich in cultural and ecological significance.
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Protection must extend to landscapes that sustain biodiversity and community traditions, not just dense forested areas.
Why This Ruling Matters
This judgement reflects a paradigm shift in India’s conservation philosophy:
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From a density-based approach (focusing only on thick, wooded areas),
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To an ecosystem-centric approach, where cultural practices, biodiversity value, and ecological services matter as much as physical appearance.
It recognises that sacred groves are living examples of community-led conservation, ensuring the survival of species and ecological balance in ways often overlooked by modern forest laws.
Conclusion
By declaring sacred groves as deemed forests, the Supreme Court has sent a powerful message: conservation is not only about protecting large tracts of land but also about respecting community traditions and ecological functionality. This inclusive approach offers India a more holistic path toward safeguarding its natural and cultural heritage.
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