5(d) Anthropometry in ergonomics.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Applications of Anthropology > Ergonomics > Anthropometry
Anthropometry in Ergonomics — 2026 Paper I
Question · 2026 · Paper I · 10 Marks
Anthropometry in ergonomics.
Model Answer
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Model Answer
Introduction: Anthropometry is the systematic measurement of human body size, shape and proportions; ergonomics applies knowledge of human capabilities and limitations to the design of tools, workspaces and environments. Anthropometry therefore provides the morphological database for human-centred design.
Two forms are especially relevant:
- Static or structural anthropometry: stature, sitting height, shoulder breadth, hip breadth, limb lengths, hand and foot dimensions.
- Dynamic or functional anthropometry: reach, movement envelope, working posture and range of motion.
Ergonomic design should not rely on an imaginary “average person”. Population percentiles are used according to function: clearances generally need to accommodate larger users, reaches must remain accessible to smaller users, and adjustable design is preferred wherever feasible.
Applications include:
- industrial workstations and classroom furniture;
- vehicle seats, pedals and aircraft cockpits;
- helmets, respirators, protective clothing and other PPE;
- tools, handles, footwear and assistive devices;
- defence, sports and space-related equipment.
Anthropological relevance lies in human variability. Age, sex, nutrition, occupation, regional population differences and secular change affect body dimensions; importing an unsuitable anthropometric database can create systematic mismatch and injury.
Conclusion: Anthropometry converts biological variation into ergonomic design specifications, improving safety, comfort, efficiency and accessibility by fitting the task to the human.
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