5(c) Article 371A of the Indian Constitution.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Constitutional Safeguards > Special provisions > Article 371A
Indus Valley Agriculture, Domestication and the Indus Script — 2026 Paper II
Question · 2026 · Paper II · 15 Marks
What are the evidences available regarding crops and domesticated animals of Indus Valley Civilization? What are the views of the scholars regarding Indus script?
Want feedback on your answer?
Join the Anthropology workshop or get structured answer-writing guidance from VAID ICS.
UPSC Anthropology Optional 2026 — Paper II
28 questions5(a) Buddhist tribes of India.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Situation in India > Religion among tribes > Buddhist tribes
Syllabus: Paper II > Caste System > Caste among non-Hindus > Comparative examples
Syllabus: Paper II > Growth of Anthropology in India > Colonial ethnography > North-East India
Syllabus: Paper II > Ethnoarchaeology in India > Method > General comparative analogy
Syllabus: Paper II > Constitutional Safeguards > Scheduled Castes > Provisions
Syllabus: Paper II > Traditional Indian Social System > Jajmani system > Debates
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribe and Polity > Democratic institutions > Impact on tribes
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Development > Planning > DAPST
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Development Programmes > Government schemes > DAJGUA and SDGs
1(a) Dravidian language family and its tribal speakers.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Situation in India > Linguistic classification > Dravidian family
Syllabus: Paper II > Village Studies > Caste, politics and change > Bailey's Bisipara
Syllabus: Paper II > Impact of Religion on Tribes > Christianity > Tribes of Jharkhand
Syllabus: Paper II > Evolution of Indian Culture > Indus Valley Civilization > Subsistence and script
1(e) Kumar Suresh Singh's contribution in studying tribal movements.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Movements > Typologies > Kumar Suresh Singh
5(e) Contribution of L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer in Anthropology.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Growth of Anthropology in India > Pioneers > L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer
Syllabus: Paper II > Problems of Tribal Communities > Contemporary challenges > Overview
Syllabus: Paper II > Prehistoric India > Mesolithic > Ganga basin sites
5(d) Nature-Man-Spirit-Complex.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Situation in India > Ecology and religion > Nature-Man-Spirit complex
Syllabus: Paper II > Development and Displacement > Movements > Niyamgiri
1(d) Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of the islands.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > PVTGs > Island tribes > Andaman and Nicobar PVTGs
5(b) Debate regarding the phylogenetic position of Narmada Man.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Palaeo-anthropological evidence in India > Narmada Man > Phylogenetic debate
1(b) Seed Eaters Model of hominid differentiation.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Palaeo-anthropology > Hominid differentiation > Seed Eaters model
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Health > Genetic disorders > Sickle cell disease
Syllabus: Paper II > Indian Population > Racial classification > Somatometric and somatoscopic characters
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribe-Caste Continuum > Great tradition > Surajit Sinha
1(c) Tana Bhagat movement.
10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Movements > Reform and political movements > Tana Bhagat movement
Syllabus: Paper II > Tribal Policy > Approaches > Verrier Elwin and Panchsheel