Nicobarese Linked to South and Southeast Asia Through Genomic Evidence
Source: European Journal of Human Genetics | December 2024
A recent genomic study published in the European Journal of Human Genetics analysed DNA samples from 1,559 individuals belonging to the Nicobarese tribe.
The findings establish a close genetic linkage between the Nicobarese and Austroasiatic language-speaking populations of South and Southeast Asia, particularly the Htin Mal communities residing in Thailand’s Nan province near the Laos border.
Genetic Affinities and Linguistic Linkages
The study highlights a strong correlation between genetic proximity and linguistic affiliation.
The Nicobarese belong to the Austroasiatic language family, and their genetic closeness to mainland Southeast Asian Austroasiatic groups reinforces theories of ancient population movements across the Bay of Bengal and Island Southeast Asia.
This evidence supports the broader anthropological understanding that tribal populations of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are not isolated anomalies, but part of a wider South–Southeast Asian population continuum.
Isolation and Preservation of Genomic Identity
One of the most significant findings of the study is that the Nicobarese have largely avoided admixture for thousands of years.
As a result, they have been able to preserve:
• Their genomic ancestry
• Their Austroasiatic language
• A high degree of ethnic and biological distinctness
According to geneticist K. Thangaraj, such prolonged isolation has allowed researchers to identify stable DNA markers, making the Nicobarese an important population for studying early human migrations and genetic continuity.
Demographic and Subsistence Profile
At present, the Nicobarese constitute a population of around 25,000 people, living primarily in forest-covered islands of the Nicobar group.
Their subsistence economy is based on:
• Rearing pigs, goats, and poultry
• Dependence on forest and coastal resources, especially the coconut palm
This lifestyle has contributed to their relative isolation and cultural continuity over time.
Anthropological Significance
From an anthropological perspective, this study is important because it:
• Demonstrates the value of bio-genetic studies in understanding tribal origins
• Strengthens the link between language, genetics, and migration
• Highlights the role of isolation in preserving genetic diversity
• Provides empirical evidence for population continuity in island societies
It also adds depth to debates on tribal identity, endogamy, and adaptation in insular environments.
Relevant UPSC Anthropology PYQs (Paper-II)
1. Distinctive cultural features of tribes of Andaman Islands. 10 Marks | 2018
2. Elucidate the linguistic classification of Indian tribes. 15 Marks | 2020
3. Contributions of tribal cultures to Indian civilization. 20 Marks | 2018
