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Home/Anthropology/Mains PYQ/Topic/Human Genetics & Human Biology
Topic Explorer · Paper I

Human Genetics & Human Biology Questions in UPSC Anthropology Optional Mains

The biological half of Paper I — Mendelian and population genetics, chromosomal disorders, blood group and genetic polymorphisms, the race concept, and human growth, adaptation, nutrition and demography.

Filter Answer available 109 questions · 89 answered

Syllabus context

Paper I 6–9 — Human Genetics, Variation, Growth, Ecology, Nutrition and Demography

All year-wise Human Genetics & Human Biology questions

2026 In what manner is our understanding of serogenetics and cytogenetics useful in reproductive biology? What are the major ethical issues involved in reproductive technology? Answer 2026 Why the classifications of Indian populations, based on somatometric and somatoscopic characteristics failed to develop a common understanding of the population diversity? Soon 2026 Canalization and catch-up growth. Answer 2026 Genetic polymorphism and natural selection. Answer 2026 Numerical chromosomal aberrations can be due to abnormalities in autosomes as well as sex chromosomes. Elaborate in terms of the effects these have on human body, giving suitable examples. Answer 2026 Distinguishing features of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Answer 2026 How would you find out that a particular disease/disorder is inherited and, if so, in which manner? Elaborate with suitable examples. Answer 2026 What do you understand by fertility and mortality? How are these influenced by biological and socio-ecological factors? Answer 2025 Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits. Answer 2025 How political economy is integrated with ecological and adaptability perspectives in bio-cultural anthropology? Answer 2025 How anthropologists assess the nutritional status of a community? Discuss the significance of intersectionality of ecology, culture, and social inequality in the study of nutritional anthropology. Answer 2025 Evolutionary significance of menopause. Answer 2025 Foetal origin of adult diseases and contribution of David Barker. Answer 2025 What are genetic markers? Discuss their applications in understanding population variation, disease association and forensics. Answer 2025 'Genome-wide Disease Association Studies (GWAS) advanced our understanding of health and disease.' Discuss. Answer 2024 Heritability and its estimation Answer 2024 Single-gene mutation disorders in man Answer 2024 What is a multifactorial trait? Illustrate your answer with suitable human examples. Answer 2024 Describe the genetics and inheritance patterns of the ABO and Rh blood groups in man. Answer 2024 Lethal and sublethal genes Answer 2024 Hemoglobin in health and disease Answer 2024 Critically comment on the lifestyle diseases and their impact on human health. Answer 2024 What is meant by karyotype? How does its analysis help in diagnosis of the chromosomal aberrations in man? Answer 2023 What is mixed-longitudinal method of studying human growth ? Discuss its merits and demerits. Answer 2023 Polygenic Inheritance Answer 2023 Menopausal symptoms Soon 2023 What assumptions must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium ? Explain the importance of genetic equilibrium. Answer 2023 Describe the causes of structural abnormalities of chromosomes with suitable examples. Answer 2023 Race and Ethnicity Answer 2023 Gene expression Answer 2022 Why Heath and Carter used anthropometric measurements instead of photographs of an individual to assess the somatotype ? Elaborate their method. Soon 2022 Balanced and transient genetic polymorphism. Soon 2022 Genetic imprinting in human diseases. Soon 2022 Stages of human pre-natal development. Soon 2022 What is meant by health ? Is the burden of life style diseases on the rise ? Justify your answer with suitable examples. Soon 2022 Critically evaluate the reasons of reduction in age at menarche in human females over the successive generations. Soon 2022 Discuss the role of evolutionary forces in creating human diversity. Soon 2022 Discuss the contemporary population problems in the light of various socio-cultural demographic theories. Soon 2022 What do you understand by blood group systems ? How is HLA system different from those based on red cell antigens ? Soon 2022 Pedigree analysis in genetic counselling Soon 2021 Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution. Answer 2021 “Chromosomal aberrations can play havoc with the human body and mind.” Explain with suitable examples. Answer 2021 Human adolescent growth spurt Answer 2021 Is race a valid and biologically meaningful concept ? Answer 2021 What is acclimatization ? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude and cold climate. Answer 2021 Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity. Answer 2021 Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging. Answer 2020 Describe the biocultural responses to extreme climatic events. Answer 2020 How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations ? Soon 2020 Critically examine the demographic and epidemiological consequences with rise in food production and sedentism. Soon 2020 Racism and Eugenics Answer 2020 Genetic drift Answer 2020 Senescence Answer 2020 Secular trend in human growth can be positive, negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples. Answer 2020 Describe the impact of infectious diseases on indigenous populations. Answer 2020 How may numerical aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to genetic disorders ? Answer 2019 Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth Answer 2019 “Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature.” Discuss with reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate. Soon 2019 Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and demerits. Answer 2019 Discuss the bio-cultural factors influencing fertility in light of the relationship between fecundity and fertility. Answer 2019 With reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric characteristics commonly used for racial classification, make critical comments as to whether ‘Race’ is a valid concept. Soon 2019 Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphism. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations. Answer 2019 Implications of mutation in evolution Answer 2018 Race is a Myth. Justify its Present Day Relevance. Answer 2018 Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed Countries Answer 2018 Explain the mechanisms of human variation in gene frequencies. Answer 2018 Do Allen's rule and Bergmann's rule hold for human populations ? Explain with examples. Answer 2018 Describe the mechanisms for structural anomalies of autosomes with diagrams. Answer 2018 Narrate evolution of disease and major causes of ill health in human populations. Soon 2018 Distinguish between adaptation, adaptability and acclimatization with examples. Answer 2018 Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian populations. Soon 2018 Advanced Molecular Anthropology Techniques Answer 2018 Categorize Genes that influence Human Survival. Answer 2017 Hardy-Weinberg law Answer 2017 Concept of race Answer 2017 Age at menarche Answer 2017 Briefly describe the various methods used in the genetic study of man. Answer 2017 Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses. Answer 2017 Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility and mortality. Answer 2017 Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits and demerits. Answer 2017 Discuss Sheldon's method of somatotyping. Answer 2016 Rh-Blood Group Answer 2016 Fertility and Fecundity Answer 2016 Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of races. Answer 2016 Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings. Answer 2016 Critically discuss the Mendelian principles and their application to human populations. Answer 2016 Explain the significance of screening and counselling for genetic disorders. Answer 2016 Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Answer 2016 Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations of human beings to different environments. Answer 2015 Critically examine the physiological responses and acclimatization to cold climate in Man. Answer 2015 Define genetic polymorphism. Give details of its types with suitable examples. Answer 2015 What do you understand by Immunogenetics ? Explain with suitable examples. Answer 2015 Down's Syndrome. Answer 2015 Longitudinal method of studying growth. Answer 2015 Menopause and its impact. Answer 2015 Discuss chromosomal aberrations in man illustrating with examples. Soon 2015 What is an anthropometric somatotype ? Describe Heath and Carter's method of somatotyping. Answer 2014 What are the different stages of Growth ? Describe any one of them in detail. Answer 2014 Describe Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes in humans. Answer 2014 What are the stresses at high altitudes ? How do better cardio-respiratory functions help the native highlanders in combating low environmental pressure ? Answer 2014 Discuss the factors affecting gene frequencies among human populations. Answer 2014 Discuss the relevance of menarche, menopause and other bio-events to fertility. Answer 2014 Ecological Anthropology Answer 2014 Discuss Ageing and Senescence. Describe either the biological or social theories of Ageing. Answer 2014 Discuss the role of anthropology in the understanding of health and disease. What specific understanding is available with respect to infectious and non-infectious diseases ? Soon 2014 Cross-sectional methods of studying human growth Answer 2014 Genetic Counselling Answer 2014 Epidemiological Anthropology Answer 2014 Fertility and Fecundity Answer

Human Genetics & Human Biology

109 questions

5(b) Advanced Molecular Anthropology Techniques

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.1 Human Genetics: Methods and Application > D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies
2018Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(d) Age at menarche

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bio-events to fertility
2017Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(b) Canalization and catch-up growth.

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Human Growth and Development > Growth patterns > Canalization and catch-up growth
2026Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(c) Concept of race

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.5 Race and racism > Biological basis of racial classification
2017Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(b) Down's Syndrome.

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.4(c) Autosomal aberrations > Down syndrome
2015Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(d) Ecological Anthropology

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology > Bio-cultural adaptations
2014Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(c) Epidemiological Anthropology

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology > Health and disease
2014Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(e) Fertility and Fecundity

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality
2014Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(d) Fertility and Fecundity

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality
2016Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(e) Gene expression

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 1.7 The biological basis of life > Gene and protein synthesis
2023Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(b) Genetic Counselling

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.4(d) Genetic screening, genetic counselling and human DNA profiling
2014Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(b) Genetic drift

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.3 Mendelian population and Hardy-Weinberg law > Genetic drift
2020Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(a) Hardy-Weinberg law

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.3 Mendelian population and Hardy-Weinberg law
2017Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(e) Hemoglobin in health and disease

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Human Genetics > Genetic Polymorphism > Haemoglobinopathies; health and disease
2024Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(c) Heritability and its estimation

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Human Genetics > Quantitative Genetics > Heritability and its estimation
2024Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(a) Human adolescent growth spurt

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 10. Human growth and development > Stages of growth > Adolescence
2021Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(d) Lethal and sublethal genes

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Human Genetics > Mendelian Genetics in Man > Lethal and sublethal genes
2024Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(c) Longitudinal method of studying growth.

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 10. Human growth and development > Methodologies for growth studies > Longitudinal method
2015Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(a) Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits.

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Human Genetics > Mendelian Genetics in Man > Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance
2025Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(d) Menopausal symptoms

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bio-events to fertility
2023Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyAnswer coming soon

5(d) Menopause and its impact.

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bio-events to fertility
2015Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(a) Polygenic Inheritance

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.2 Mendelian genetics in man > Polygenic inheritance
2023Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

1(c) Race and Ethnicity

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.5 Race and racism > Race and ethnicity
2023Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(a) Racism and Eugenics

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.5 Race and racism > Racial differentiation; eugenics
2020Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(a) Rh-Blood Group

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 9.6 Population variation as genetic marker > ABO and Rh blood groups
2016Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(e) Senescence

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > 10. Human growth and development > Ageing and senescence
2020Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available

5(e) Single-gene mutation disorders in man

10 Marks150 words
Syllabus: Paper I > Human Genetics > Mutation and Genetic Disorders > Single-gene disorders
2024Paper IHuman Genetics & Human BiologyModel answer available